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Circuits & Systems Classroom
Open-loop to Closed-loop: Gain & Bandwidth
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dB
Phase
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0°
-45°
-90°
1 Hz
100 Hz
10 kHz
1 MHz
100 MHz
Ideal gain 1/β = 10 V/V
A = 1 at 100 kHz
L = 1 at 9.9995 kHz
fOL
fCL
∠L = ∠A
Open-loop gain A
Loop gain L
Closed-loop gain T
